And even in state run fish hatcheries, they don't just "breed salmon" - trout and salmon culture is labor and money intensive and often requires the use of almost impossible to get pituitary hormones (unless you want to wait for the right seasonal cues to breed the fish).
A quick google search on salmon culture got me 643,000 results. Number one on the list is
http://aquanic.org/beginer/trout/trout.htm -- which has a number of useful links, including :
"What Do I Need To Get Started In Trout Farming?"
http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/copubs/ag/aqua/trout/003/
Which is a pretty good primer of the basics.
3rd on the google results was this link:
http://content.cdlib.org/dynaxml/ser...cId=kt438n99wc
even though it is an older text (1969 I think) it covers the details well - from the concepts of manually stripping the adults of eggs and milt, to the use of raceways or troughs for fry growout.
Quote:
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The standard California hatchery trough is 16 feet long, 16 inches wide, and 7½ inches deep, inside measurements, with a gradient of one inch in 16 feet, and when operated with a 5-inch outlet plug contains roughly 64 gallons of water. The flow through the troughs varies among hatcheries and depends on the temperature and number of eggs or fish being carried in the troughs. On the average, troughs in California hatcheries, regardless of whether they are installed singly or in tandem, receive from 12 to 15 gallons of water per minute. It is intended that the oxygen content be maintained at not less than 7 p.p.m.
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Florida Tech used to offer a good 4-year degree in finfish aquaculture, and while they don't specifically focus on salmonid culture (its too hot in Florida), the basics learned there in terms of oxygen usage vs temp, stocking density, system design, and pathology all could be applied to salmonid culture.