Thread: Velvet Disease
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Old 07-03-2005, 09:37 AM   #11
Baby_Baby
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Alright lemme know if this helps
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Symptoms: These organisms may infect the gills, in which case the fish become lethargic hanging at the surface and gasping. In early stages the fish may swim jerkily, have folded fins, and rub up against objects in the aquarium. The infection usually begins with small dull or pale areas which then spread until the skin is entirely covered with a fine white or cobweb like film. In advanced stages the fish may produce excessive mucous, the skin may disintegrate and cause bleeding, and secondary fungal or bacterial infections may occur (see below). Other diseases which may cause similar symptoms are fungus, velvet and columnaris.

More information: The protozoans Costia, Chilodonella, Trichodina and Brooklynella are single-celled organisms which are often present in the aquarium. They attatch themselves to the exterior of the fish and feed from the skin cells. In low numbers they are unlikely to cause major problems, but if the fish are crowded or stressed these organisms may take advantage and multiply, causing severe problems. Because all of these organisms are free-swimming they can quickly move from fish to fish and spread the infection. Costia and Chilodonella are the two most virulent forms. An exact diagnosis of which parasite is involved is not possible without examining a skin smear under a microscope, however, since treatment is similar for all this is not strictly necessary. Treatment should be carried out promptly as these diseases can proceed rapidly if unchecked. The effectiveness of different trreatments varies depeding on the exact organism and strain, so be prepared to try more than one medication if necessary.

Prevention: These diseases are unlikely to occur unless the fish are stressed or crowded. Poor water quality and sub-optimal temperatures may contribute to the onset of the disease. Chilodonella may be introduced with fish or plants taken from natural water-ways, so always use extreme caution when collecting from the wild. If you have had any problems with slime diseases it is advisable to perform a water change and treat with either methylene blue or a general anti-fungal medication before adding new fish. For fish which can tolerate it, a little salt also helps to prevent slime diseases.

Treatment: In freshwater an acriflavine-based medication is usually most effective. Fungal medications that combine acriflavine with a copper-based medication such as methylene blue or malachite green are ideal. Before commencing treatment, make sure water conditions are optimal. Perform a partial water change if needed. If the fish can tolerate it, raise the temperature to above 28°C, be sure the water is well-oxygenated. Use the medication according to instructions, and continue treatment for atleast 4 days, or until all symptoms of the disease are gone. Maintain good water quality to prevent relapses. In saltwater either a formalin or malachite green based medication can be used. Treat the fish in a tank without invertebrates (or, if this is not possible, use Myxazin) and use the medication strictly according to instructions. Be sure to provide optimum water quality and good oxygenation.
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