How often do you change the water? In unfiltered tanks, its best to do 100% water changes every few days or atleast weekly. You should be dechlorinating the water also. If you have not been doing that all along, then I don't think that would have killed him this time.
I am not sure about the brown. If it wasn't like that before he died, it may just be because he's dead. Not sure.
Do you know what the temperature is in the bowl?
It looks to me that it could have been anything. Not doing enough water changes will cause a build up of nitrates and possibly ammonia, which could have killed him if it was high enough. It could be a sudden temperature change or the water change. Its hard to tell.
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*Kristin*
5 Planted tanks:
55g, 40g, 29g, 20g, 5.5g
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